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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Vine staff ： ウィキペディア英語版 Vine staff The vine staff, vine-staff, or centurion's staff ((ラテン語:vitis)) was a vinewood rod of about in length used in the ancient Roman Army and Navy. It was the mark and tool of the centurion: both as an implement in the direction of drill and maneuvers; and to beat wayward or laggard soldiers or sailors under his command. It was also borne by ''evocati'' who held an equivalent rank. __NOTOC__ ==Origin== The vine staff may have derived from the Etruscan ''lituus'' and was certainly in use by the Punic Wars. Following the enactment of the Porcian Laws in the early 2nd century , it was the only manner by which Roman citizens could be beaten and is mentioned by various classical authors. A line in Ovid notes that "the good general commits the ''vitis'' to one to command one hundred."〔Ovid, ''Art of Love'', III, 527.〕 Pliny: "The centurion's vine staff is an excellent medicine for sluggish troops who don't want to advance..." "and when used to chastise offenses makes even the punishment respectable." It carried none of the stigma of the whipping (by ''ラテン語:virgae'') suffered by criminals prior to execution or the cudgeling (by ''ラテン語:fustuaria'') endured for severe military offenses. Tacitus mentions Lucilius, a centurion known as "Gimme Another" (''ラテン語:Cedo Alterum'' or ''ラテン語:Alteram'') for his tendency to break his vine staffs during beatings;〔Tacitus., ''Annals'', Bk. I, Ch. 23, §4.〕 he was one of the first killed during the Pannonian Mutiny. Generally, however, soldiers were expected to endure their punishments; seizing the vine staff was cause for demotion and breaking it or harming the centurion were offenses punishable by death. Some scholars state the vine staff was the instrument used to beat the Iceni queen Boadicca. St Marcellus the Centurion was martyred following a scene where he cast away his vine staff and repudiated his rank. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vine staff」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.